Analysis of Distribution Patterns of Environmental Risk Factors with Malaria Incidents in the Working Area of the Tanjung Tiram Community Health Center, Batu Bara Regency

Environmental conditions have a big influence on the incidence of malaria because a bad
environment can increase the breeding and proliferation of Anopheles mosquitoes. The aim
of this research is to determine environmental risk factors and distribution patterns of
malaria in the Tanjung Tiram Community Health Center working area, Batubara Regency.
This research method is analytical observational with a case control research design and an
ecological approach. This research was conducted in the working area of the Tanjung Tiram
Health Center, Batu Bara Regency, which was carried out from April to July 2023.
Population 40,604 people. The sampling technique was purposive sampling so that the
research sample was 100 people. Data collection uses questionnaires and observation
sheets. Data analysis using the bivariate Chi square test on SPSS version 20 software and
Analysis of malaria case distribution mapping using the Geographic Information System
(GIS) application to describe the distribution pattern of malaria in Batubara Regency. The
results of the study show that there is a relationship between environmental risk factors such
as ceilings (p-value=0.000), wall type (p-value=0.000), ventilation (p-value=0.000), wall
density (p-value=0.000), partitions on windows (p-value=0.000), the presence of puddles
(p-value=0.000), gutters (p-value=0.000) and swamps around the house (p-value=0.000).
The distribution of Malaria cases in Tanjung Tiram District, Batubara Regency is not spread
across all areas in the district, this means that the highest number of malaria cases occur in
mixed plantation areas. By depicting the distribution pattern in the form of a map, it can
optimize the reduction in the incidence of malaria cases.
Keywords: Environment, Geographic Information System, Malaria